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Section 66A – No More Handcuffing of Freedom Speech & Expression

Section 66A – No More Handcuffing of Freedom Speech & Expression

To strengthen the value of fundamental rights, Robert H. Jackson the former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States once said that, “Thought control is a copyright of totalitarianism, and we have no claim to it. It is not the function of our government to keep the citizen from falling into error; it is the function of the citizen to keep the government from falling into error.”

LEGAL VERSION OF 66A

66A. Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc. Any person who sends, by means of a computer resource or a communication device;

  • Any information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character; or
  • Any information which he knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred or ill will, persistently by making use of such computer resource or a communication device,
  • Any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the origin of such messages, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine.
  • The supreme court of India relived zillions of internet users by striking down the much criticized Section 66A of the Information technology Act, 2000 which criminalized communications that are “grossly offensive”, cause “annoyance”, etc., by stating the provision as “unconstitutionally vague”, “arbitrarily, excessively, and disproportionately” encumbering freedom of speech, and likely to have a “chilling effect” on legitimate speech.

    Section 66A was brought in to curb cyber bullying which is on the rise, nearly 42% of kids are being bulled online and 1 out of every 4 kid goes through it a second time. Cyber bullying is, using the internet medium to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner. According to U.S. Legal Definitions, “Cyberbullying could be limited to posting rumors or gossips about a person in the internet bringing about hatred in other’s minds; or it may go to the extent of personally identifying victims and publishing materials severely defaming and humiliating them.”

CASES QUASHED – MISUSE OF SECTION 66A

There have been several cases wherein Section 66A of the Act was misused and appeals seeking an amendment have been demanded. Some of them are as follows:

ANGERING THE SHIV SENA

The first PIL was filled by Shreya Singhal a law student in the year 2012 after two gals Shaheen Dhada and Renu Srinivasan – were arrested in Palghar in Thane district as one of them posted a comment on the Face book against the shutdown in Mumbai following Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray’s death and the other ‘liked’ it.

THE DIDI CARTOON CASE

Ambikesh Mahapatra a professor of Jadavpur University and his neighbor was arrested for forwarding Caricatures on Facebook of Trinamool Congress Chief Mamta Banerjee.

MOCKING CORRUPTION

Aseem Trivedi, an Indian Political Cartoonist and Activist was arrested for uploading cartoons on his website

www.cartoonsagainstcoruption.com and his Facebook page to depict their ineffectiveness of Parliament and the constitution.

AIR INDIA EMPLOYEES JOKED

Air India employee Mayank Sharma and KV Rao from Mumbai were arrested for allegedly posting offensive comments against politicians on their Facebook group. They were picked up by the police at 1 AM in the night, their passports impounded and they were shunted out by the Air India Management.

KISHTWAR YOUNGSTERS

Three youngsters from Kishtwar district of Jammu & Kashmir Kishori Sharma, Bansi Lal and Moti Lal Sharma – were arrested and sent to jail for 40 days after they were tagged in an allegedly offensive video posted on Facebook. Sharma and Lal were government teachers and were sacked.

RAJEESH KUMAR

Thy shall not insult the PM: Kumar, a CPI-M worker in Kerala was arrested for putting up abusive comments and photos on Facebook about PM Narendra Modi. The police arrested him for putting up a picture of Modi with a shoe imprint and a comment in one post which could’ve sparked ‘communal tensions.’

DEVU CHODANKAR

Chodankar was arrested for saying derogatory things about Modi and the BJP. The complaint against him was filed by industrialist and former Confendration of Indian Industries State President Atul Pai Kane. Chodankar’s FB post said: ‘If Modi is elected as PM this election, Christians will lose their identity in South Goa. Mark these words.” In another post, he had said, “There is an imminent threat of holocaust as it happened in Gujarat though under the garb of cunning government policies of (Manohar) Parrikar. Save the identity of South Goa. Vote against BJP this election.’

UTTAR PRADESH CM

A tourism officer in Varanasi was arrested for uploading “objectionable” pictures of Samajwadi Party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav and senior SP leader Azam Khan on Facebook

LEGISLATIVE BLANKET STILL REMAINS FOR REGULATING CONTENT ON INTERNET

Although the 66A has been quashed, section 79 and section 80 still remain. Under Section 79 the government can ask any intermediaries to remove content or to block websites. Telecom service providers, internet service providers, webhosting service providers, search engines, online-payment sites, online auction sites, online market places and cyber cafes are also included in the definition of intermediary. And Under Section 80 Police has powers to carry out searches and arrest without warrant.

About Author

Jayashree Shukla Dasgupta

Jayashree Shukla Dasgupta is a Partner at Dhir & Dhir Associates. Her professional experience spans nearly 20 years in the area of Banking and Finance, Arbitration, Consumer and Land Acquisition Laws. She has expertise in handling civil litigations and is currently heading the litigation team of the Firm dealing with Banking Dispute Matters. Jayashree is also a qualified Insolvency Professional.